Communication During Pre Industrial Societies - 920 Words

Nowadays the press is declining in importance as new media, which can communicate news more quickly and conveniently, takes its place. This was not always the case; the press was once the only form of media that existed. It started as a way of communication for more people to learn the events that took part in their country and not only their region. After the industrial revolution, urbanization and the income increase the press changed. Companies began to increase profits and product awareness through advertising. Numerous ownerships of newspapers had developed as early as the 18th century. As the years went by the press industry was growing bigger and bigger as more and more people read newspapers. Today we look back and face the question whether the press was a medium for advertising in the 20th century, whereas the press was ‘free’ in the 19th century. In this essay I’m going to analyze this claim, explaining the reasons as to why people accept this idea. Comm unication in pre industrial societies was predominantly personal oral in direct. The development of the printing press marked the beginning of the industrialization of communication process. However, the continuous escalations of advertising in press lead the way for economic growth inside the industry and by the time of the 20th century the industry had grown in a substantial amount. Yearly newspaper sales rose from 85 million in 1851 to 5604 million in 1920. THE 19TH CENTURY In the early 19th century, a unit ofShow MoreRelatedCommunication Is An Important Staple Of Human History868 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication is an important staple of human history. From the use of Egyptian hieroglyphs to the first appearance of emojis in Japan during the late nineteen-nineties. Methods of communication are ever-evolving and it is only a matter of time before the next sweeping form of interaction changes how we communicate. Before exploring the revolution which took place in the late nineteenth century, it is important to look at the pre-telephone era, the factors that went into the invention of the telephoneRead MoreThe profession of social work through the centuries has improved its practice of time to establish800 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelop structure, and advocate social justice for the human race. Social work has been among society from the beginning of class division. Social work has been identified, as a need of the human race to improve and redirect the thought of humans, to everyone is equal in terms of opportunity and action. The human population needs to understand that social work is a profession to aid and benefit the society to advocate for the prosperity and equality among the population and the government. The evolutionRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The French Revolution1264 Words   |  6 PagesBoth the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution induced great social transformations from the end of the 18th century on. The revolutions laid the foundation for the journey of modernization for Great Britain and France. Although the two countries were merely separated by the English Channel, the relatively low degree of pre-industrial international communications hindered the interaction of both events. Nevertheless, it is not coincidental that the revolutions occurred roughly at the sameRead MoreEssay on Life Pre and Post Industrial Revolution938 Words   |  4 PagesLife pre and post of Industrialization Life of people has gone through since the industrial revolution. Lives of people including men, women and children use to be lot different before the revolution and post revolution. The revolution helped certain people in many ways but also there were side effects which were seen in the lives and are seen post revolution. Industrialization has affected many people in particular to the lives of women and men to their way of working. The paper will focus on theRead MoreChanges During The Industrial Era1293 Words   |  6 Pages1800s, the Industrial Revolution shifted Europe exponentially from a basic, morbid society, to become highly intricate and economically prosperous. Urbanization spread throughout Europe making unsafe working areas and conditions no longer a problem for the average worker due to government s safety laws. By increasing the low wages, it allowed the men of Europe to fully support their families, eliminating children and women from working in the factories. These c hanges during the industrial era createdRead More Political, Industrial, Military Powers of Industrial Revolution1089 Words   |  5 PagesPolitical, Industrial, Military Powers of Industrial Revolution By the 1750s the industrial revolution had begun and there were many advancements directed at cotton weaving as a result of limited technology. Because of this limited technology people were slow in inventing other types of machines. This of was a time of drastic change and transformation from the use of mere hand tools to using powerful machines. ARead MorePrior To The Industrial Revolution, Which Began In Britain1542 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to the Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 1700s, manufacturing was often done in people s homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. When the Industrial Market took a big leap and bound forward, it set off a big chain of events and changed many aspects of the era, people’s lives and the future of our nations. Many areas of industries, such as the big iron and textileRead MoreThe Modern Human Resource s Department1361 Words   |  6 Pagesdepartment and covers the three historical periods of development to where modern human resources has evolved. There are three main historical periods that are discussed including - pre-industrial, bureaucratic, and high performance. All three of these periods have played a vital role in the field of Human Resources. The pre-industrial period ended with the revolutionary war. This time period saw a lack of human resource management due to â€Å"inequality, inflexibility and misalignment that would be unimaginableRead MorePlan 700 Planning Paradigms And Theory1711 Words   |  7 PagesBefore Planning: Development, Consequences and Challenges To understand the ancient and pre-industrial cities, learn from urban history, and explore the conditions that led to the appearance of formal planning, different approaches to ancient urban planning have been researched by previous studies. Based on ancient urban planning literature, this paper summarizes the development of ancient cities before the Industrial Revolution, explores the consequences and challenges of the absence of formal urbanRead MoreGlobalization And Globalization1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe economic dependence between nations worldwide occurs due to Globalization. Throughout the centuries, nations would not be as powerful as they are in the present day without the help of globalization. Communication started the first form of globalization. People of different cultures shared ideas with each other, which influenced many more. Spanish conquistador, Hernà ¡n Cortà ©s explained in Approaching Tenoctitlà ¡n, â€Å"I further made the chief understand that all the people [should] protect their lives

The Implication Of Free Markets On Global Business

The implication of free markets on global business Introduction Capitalism, socialism, and communism are the main three economic systems. â€Å"Capitalism is an economic system also known as the private enterprise or free market system based on private ownership, economic freedom, and fair competition† (Kelly and Williams pp. 26) Capitalism can be referred to as free markets where there is no government intervention or strict regulations. The principle of capitalism is that â€Å"people and business must free to buy or not to buy according to their wishes. They must be free to choose where to work or not to work and where to live† (Kelly and Williams pp. 27). Productivity, economic growth, and high quality of goods and services are some of the implications of free markets on nations and global business. Main Body Capitalism is based on many principles. Fair competition is one of the principles that Capitalism provides. Since Capitalism provides free competition, monopoly does not exist in capitalist countries. Free competition means many competitors providing to consumers many goods and services. That leads to the fact that high quality of products will be available in the markets due to the fair competition. The United States, Canada, Australia, France, and Switzerland are some of the capitalist countries. It can be noticed that most of the products in world today are from these countries. Such as, cars, technology, and machines. As a result, the system of those countries hasShow MoreRelatedBusiness Development in a Global Market1442 Words   |  6 PagesBUSSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN A GLOBAL MARKET Developing a business opportunity or introducing a new product into the global market place is a risky business at the best of times. Strong and precise business strategies along with extensive market research are the keys for developing a successful global enterprise. This essay will cover the core fundamentals required to best enter the global market while minimizing the risks. Core fundamental include, indentifying potential markets, product competition, risksRead MoreThe Effects of Globalization on US Society and Economy Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pageseconomy, and the implications for other countries in the post-industrial world. How it All Started As Thomas Friedman explains in his book â€Å"The World is Flat†, globalization started â€Å"when Columbus set sail, opening trade between the Old World and the New World.† Afterwards, â€Å"multinational companies went global for markets and labor,† and around the year 2000, individuals were the ones who got into the global world. Today, individuals and small groups easily enter the global market, collaborateRead MoreBusiness Development in a Global Market Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Development in a Global Market Developing a business opportunity or introducing a new product into the global market place is a risky business at the best of times. Strong and precise business strategies along with extensive market research are the keys for developing a successful global enterprise. This essay will cover the core fundamentals required to best enter the global market while minimizing the risks. Core fundamentals include, indentifying potential markets, product competitionRead MoreEconomic Integration and Global Markets to Uk Business Organizations1735 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of international trade---------------------3 Economic integration and global markets to UK business organizations-----------------------------------------4 The impact of two policies of the European Union on UK business organizations------------------------------------5 The impact of fiscal policies on the UK business------------5 The impact of monetary policy on the UK business---------6 The economic implications for the UK of entry into EMU--------------------------------------------------------------------6Read MoreIndustry : Exclusive Artistic Products Industry1077 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical stability and national security. Environmental laws keep upgrading towards implications how products are made and how it can impact the society. The NAFTA (North American Free-Trade Agreement) is undergoing to mutual benefit both side of partners The overall political forces have more positive impact on this industry, Take full advantage of environmental law and political stability to boost business. Organizations need to be able to respond to current and anticipated future legislationRead MoreBusiness Memorandum Analyzing Market Feasibility in India1354 Words   |  6 PagesBUSINESS MEMORANDUM analysis, the following conclusions were derived: 1. Scale the Philippines facilities to increase the production of parts and products created to supply the orders from the Asian markets, while decreasing the U.S. production. The countries in Asia we are targeting as part of our strategy are in high demand for our products as part of their global expansion and tourism. 2. Seeking legal expert opinion to identify all legal aspects for conducting business in India, as thisRead MoreInternational Trade Zone Of The European Union1547 Words   |  7 Pagesfrequently in business and media. It is defined as â€Å"the global strategy of the integration of worldwide operations and the development of standardised products and marketing approaches† (Deresky, 2006) Hill recognised two facets of business that have emerged in globalised operations in 2014: Globalisation of Markets: where the supply of goods or services are carried out in markets other than the home nation for instance, South Korean car manufacturer Kia, selling in the U.K. market. GlobalisationRead MoreAmerican Free Trade Agreement ( Nafta )1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this memorandum is for Monet’s Treats to consider doing business globally with Mexico first. This expansion will broaden its culture, expertise and ethics as well as entering into new, potentially profitable market segments. Monet’s Treats were created in 2005 in a small home kitchen in West Orange, New Jersey. Throughout the last ten years they have continuously experienced an annual five percent each year. After receiving a few inquires over the last 2 years between Mexico and JapanRead MoreLiterature Review Of Globalization989 Words   |  4 Pageschange. He uses an example of industry that is related to production, he argues that risks involved in that industry are hoisted, because they can easily spread and it can affect the whole globalized market. This view could mean that there could be a domino effect that could take place in the global car industry, leaving several businesses fearing the threat of the consequences that could arise. thuomrungroje (2004) in his works talks about how opportunities and threats that occur within organizationsRead MoreGlobalization and Free Trade1650 Words   |  7 PagesIn the actual free trade context in the globalized nation, it is referring to a freedom for businesses to trade between countries at no barrier from government intervention which includes imposing tax on the products and services, subsidies, import and export quota limitation, as well as imposing trade legislation. However, this cannot be realized in today’s world (White, 2008) due to the fact that each country needs to protect and balance between the three major aspects which is the social, economy

Phonological Awareness in Young Children

Question: Describe about the Handbook of classroom activities to develop phonological awareness in young children? Answer: Introduction The importance of phonemic awareness for the development of early learning to read is widely accepted but people are still skeptic regarding the role it plays in the development of reading and pronouncing skill of the children. Some educators get confused about the concept of phonetic awareness with some other relevant issues. So there is a need to define phonemic awareness in an appropriate way. Phonemic awareness is defined as the capability to hear, identify, recognize, and manipulate sounds. It is necessary for children to be aware of how the sounds of the words work before they learn to read prints from the book. To make the children understand that the words are made up of speech sounds which are called Phonemes. Phonemes are the smallest segment of a particular word that can be spoken in a way that makes a difference in the meaning of the word. (Lane, 2015) It is evident that phonological awareness is essential for learning to read any system of words. Research reveals that one who finds phonemic awareness and phonological skills difficult indicates that he possess poor reading, pronouncing and spelling developmental aspect. The job of a phonological processor is done automatically by efficiently communicating with the children. But a level of metalinguistic speech is required to develop reading and learning, which is not easy or natural. Another aspect that needs a mention is that phonological skill do not have any association with the level of intelligence. It has been proved that some very intelligent people have problems related to linguistic awareness. (Phonological Awareness, 2015) Thus we see that the importance of the phonological or phonemic awareness at the early childhood level is immense. We will try to explain the argument for the importance of phonological skills to reading and spelling. (PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS, 2015) Importance Of Phonological Awareness For learning and using alphabetic writing system, Phoneme awareness is required. Without proper phoneme awareness student might be clueless about the letters printed on the textbooks and get mystified with this printing system. The phoneme awareness helps to identify and accurately predict the future of the children regarding their ability to read, pronounce and spell words. This type of prediction is done through simple tests of knowledge of the names of the letters, awareness related to the speech sound of words and vocabulary. (Pre-K Pages, 2015) Some poor readers and spellers are incidentally lack proper phonological skill and phonemic awareness. Thus the need for the awareness is recognized. (Reading Rockets, 2009) Phonological awareness created by classroom instructions help the beginners to reduce difficulties associated with reading and spelling. (Partin, 2013) Phonological awareness helps children to attend to unfamiliar words and try to associate and compare them with such words that are familiar to them. It helps the children to repeat and pronounce words in a correct manner. This type of awareness also enables the children to remember words so that they can use whenever required. One of the important thing that the phonological awareness helps children to do is that they learn to distinguish between words that sound similar and segregate the meaning of the two separate word. (Good and Gillon, 2014) (Reading Rockets, 2010) Teaching strategies to develop phonological awareness: Phonemic awareness can be stimulated by using instructional activities in the preschool and elementary school in order to ensure that the children are ready for their reading, pronouncing and spelling activities. (Ldonline.org, 2015)Here are four teaching techniques are discussed that are going to help an educator to develop phonological skills in the children. (Aability.com, 2015) (Teams.lacoe.edu, 2015) Listening To A Series Of Sound The strategy is to develop skills of attentiveness and memory enhancement by listening to a sequence of sounds and language regarding discussing them. Materials: Here objects are required that make distinct sounds. Some of the materials that are needed in these activities are discussed below: Objects that make sounds: Banging on the table, clapping hands, coughing, crumpling paper, hammering, pouring water, ringing the bell, whistling Instructional procedure: In this game, children are advised to recognize the sounds made by all the available materials separately. Once they have successfully identified the single sounds of the objects, they must be advised to close their eyes. The educator now makes one sound at a time and asks students to recognize them with closed eyes. The answer of the students must in a sentence form like This is the sound of a bell. Once the students are able to identify single sounds the teacher must next continue with pair of sounds. The students with closed eyes must again identify sounds and answer them in a sentence form. Then lastly the educator must make a series of sound and let the children to answer them. It must be kept in mind that the educator must individually ask students so that each and every child is able to participate in this game. (Mihai et al., 2014) Clapping Names To Identify Syllables The strategy here is to help children identify syllables by telling them to clap and count the number of syllables in their own names. This is done to acquaint the children to the nature of syllables. (Nchindila, 2012) Materials: Paper cut outs with names of the children written on it, a basket to store the paper cutouts Instructional procedure: First the educator must write down names on the paper cutouts. The names that are to be selected must be of contrasting lengths which will make identification of syllables diverse. Next the educator must invite a child and ask him/her to select a paper and read out the name on it. The name must be repeated by the educator syllable by syllable while clapping hands on the count of each syllable in the name. After this ask the children How many times did we clapped the hands? and So how many syllables are there in the name? (Mann and Foy, 2003) In this way different names of varying length must be selected by the children so that they can count more than two syllables in the names. This procedure can also be done by introducing pictures of different objects and clapping by pronouncing the names. In this way syllables can be counted and understood by children. Finding Intial And Final Sounds This teaching strategy enables children to identify initial phonemes. This is done by comparing and contrasting the initial sounds of a wide range of words. (Tips for Teaching Phonological Awareness, 2015) Materials: Picture cards Instructional procedure: The educator is advised to use a table for this procedure. The educator is required to spread the picture cards on the table. Then the children must be asked to identify and select those pictures whose name start with a similar sound. For example, children must select picture cards of box and ball and separate it as the initial phoneme is similar. Here again the educator needs to be more cautious about the pronouncing the words after the picture card is selected. The words must be pronounced by elongating the initial phoneme of the words like b-b-b-b-box, b-b-b-ball. This can be further done by creating small groups of children and passing pictures around them. They must identify the pictures and drop the pictures on the pile of similar initial phoneme. Here the educator is advised to individually assess the children and allow them to select, separate and pronounce the words in a proper way. It is necessary for a phonological instructor to allow every child to participate in the activities. (Justin, n.d.) Take A Sound Away The game aims at the ability of the children to separate the sounds of the words and understand the meaning of those words. Material: A white board and a marker Instructional procedure: The educator first must write down some words on the board whose elimination of the first letter can form a meaningful word. For example, hear, blow etc. these words can be used in this game. If the first letter of the word Hear is removed, then we get Ear which holds a meaning. Next the educator must loudly pronounce the word written on the board indicating the students to repeat the word. Once they have repeated the words, the instructor must make them understand the meaning of the word by actions. Then the educator must erase the first letter of the word and pronounce the word loudly and in an elongated manner. Then again the meaning of the word must be taught the children. In this by taking away the first letter of the words, the initial phoneme changes. Conclusion The different strategies used in the phonological activities are playful in nature but each strategy focuses on the different sound structure. Our aim is to introduce phonemic awareness as a component I the early literacy program. The handbook of classroom activities to develop phonological awareness motivates the educator or teacher to promote students in a environment believed to be linguistically rich. It is highly necessary for the parents to recognize the need of their children to develop phonological skill in order to enable their children to read and spell properly. Literary programs that include these type of phonological awareness activities must be encouraged by the society and its relevance must be recognized. (Varela Osorio, Viecco Reyes and Florez Trochez, 2014) References Aability.com, (2015).FREE Phonemic Awareness Games. [online] Available at: https://aability.com/styled-3/styled-6/index.html [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Fresch, M. and Harrison, D. (2013). Playing With Poetry to Develop Phonemic Awareness.IRAE, pp.1-9. Good, P. and Gillon, G. (2014). Exploring the benefits of integrating sound-field amplification and phonological awareness intervention for young school-aged children.Speech, Language and Hearing, 17(1), pp.2-14. Justin, N. (n.d.).The impact of phonological awareness on reading acquisition: Discrepancy between research and practice. Lane, H. (2015).Phonological Awareness: A Sound Beginning. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://curry.virginia.edu/reading-projects/projects/garf/Lane-GA_RF_PA_Handoutpdf.pdf [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Ldonline.org, (2015).Phonological Awareness: Instructional and Assessment Guidelines | LD Topics | LD OnLine. [online] Available at: https://www.ldonline.org/article/6254/ [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Mann, V. and Foy, J. (2003). Phonological awareness, speech development, and letter knowledge in preschool children.Annals of Dyslexia, 53(1), pp.149-173. Mihai, A., Friesen, A., Butera, G., Horn, E., Lieber, J. and Palmer, S. (2014). Teaching Phonological Awareness to All Children Through Storybook Reading.Young Exceptional Children. Nchindila, B. (2012). The role of phonological awareness in early childhood reading in English.Per Linguam, 27(2). Partin, J. (2013).5 Quick, Easy, and Fun Phonemic Awareness Activities. [online] EarlyChildhoodTeacher.org. Available at: https://www.earlychildhoodteacher.org/blog/5-quick-easy-and-fun-phonemic-awareness-activities/ [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Phonological Awareness, (2015).Phonological Awareness. [online] Available at: https://www.phonologicalawareness.org/ [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.hand2mind.com/pdf/kindergarten/chapter_2.pdf [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Pre-K Pages, (2015).Pre-K | Preschool | Literacy | Phonological Awareness | Pre-K Pages. [online] Available at: https://www.pre-kpages.com/phonemic_awareness/ [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Reading Rockets, (2009).Why Phonological Awareness Is Important for Reading and Spelling. [online] Available at: https://www.readingrockets.org/article/why-phonological-awareness-important-reading-and-spelling [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Reading Rockets, (2010).Phonemic Activities for the Preschool or Elementary Classroom. [online] Available at: https://www.readingrockets.org/article/phonemic-activities-preschool-or-elementary-classroom [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Teams.lacoe.edu, (2015).Patti's Activities. [online] Available at: https://teams.lacoe.edu/documentation/classrooms/patti/k-1/activities/phonemic.html [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Tips for Teaching Phonological Awareness. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.reading-tutors.com/tips/TH_Tips_PhonAware.pdf [Accessed 25 Feb. 2015]. Varela Osorio, K., Viecco Reyes, S. and Florez Trochez, S. (2014). Design and implementation of activities for stimulation of phonological awareness in pre-kinder and kindergarten.zp, (20), pp.47-58.

Climate Change and Migration-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss how the Climate refugees will affect Australia. Answer: Introduction: The present case is based on the problem on climate change refugees. There is no specific definition on climate change refugees. Generally, the person, who lost their home for certain natural disaster and forced to migrate from their homeland, has known as the climate change refugees (Lister, 2014). However, there is an attempt has been made to conceptualize the definition of such refugee. Based on the reason, these refugees are divided into three parts- Environmental Emergency migrants, Environmental forced migrants and Environmental motivated migrants. The problem regarding these migrants is becoming an alarming situation in the global statistics. Jodi Jacobson was pointed out the problem regarding the migration issue for the first time and in the year 1988, he had claimed that there are 10 million climate refugees present. On 1989, the Executive Director of UNEP, Mustafa Tolba stated his view that the numbers of the refugees are 50 million. The British environmentalist, Norman Mye rs had foreseen the increasing nature of the refugees and stated that the number of refugees will be reached up to 250 million by 2050. Discussion: It has been observed from the facts that the problem regarding the climate change refugees is a global problem and is of increasing in nature. Many of the environmentalists that the problem should be solved as soon as possible suggest it. In the continents of Asia, the number of the refugees is 42 million in the year 2010 and 2011. The environmental refugees are become a serious threat to the continents of the North America due to drought situation. Australia is well known for its migration problem and the migration rate of Australia is higher in nature. The refugees are affecting the economic conditions of the states a lot and there is a necessity regarding the adoption of effective strategies become important. The government of Australia has taken certain initiatives that are refugee friendly in nature. One of such strategies are providing job security to them. It was stated by Norman Myers that the most effective solution can be the sustainable development regarding the environmental arena. The most important thing is to resist the risks to minimize the amount of disaster. A planned evacuation can support the safety criteria regarding the same. The sustainable development project should be supported by modern technologies, architecture and labor opportunities. The government policies should be based on humanitarian grounds. The Australian government has planned their policies regarding the refugees problem on the base of humanitarian ground. There are certain lacunas regarding the climate change refugees in the international statistics, as the global legal system in this sector is not advanced or effective. It is important to recognize the framework regarding the same and the rights and responsibilities of the refugees should be amended. The problem arises in the Kyoto Protocol must be resolved by adopting relevant policies. The Australian government has promoted certain opportunities to deal with the problem and an instance of this can be Kiribati-Australia Nursing Initiative. By this project, more than 90 people from the part of Kiribati were migrated in Australia and trained for nurse (Ash Campbell, 2016). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be stated that the planned strategies regarding the refugee problem will help to resolve the issue and initiative should be taken on global basis. The outcome of the climate change refugees are identified by United Nation and if a united stand can be adopted, the issue regarding the same can be resolved References: Ash, J., Campbell, J. (2016). Climate change and migration: the case of the Pacific Islands and Australia.Journal of Pacific Studies,36(1), 53-72. Ash, J., Campbell, J. (2016). Climate change and migration: the case of the Pacific Islands and Australia.Journal of Pacific Studies,36(1), 53-72. Lister, M. (2014). Climate change refugees.Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy,17(5), 618-634. Lister, M. (2014). Climate change refugees.Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy,17(5), 618-634.

Bernard MacLaverty More Than Just The Disease Essays

Bernard MacLaverty More Than Just The Disease Essays Bernard MacLaverty More Than Just The Disease Essay Bernard MacLaverty More Than Just The Disease Essay the cupboard of black lacquer with a yellow inlay of exotic birds. Such items may make the reader think that the owner is well-travelled and open-minded but the rest of the house is neat and orderly with a place for everything and everything in its place as typical of those times. This portrays an image of an inhibiting environment much more typical of Victorian attitudes and standards. Importantly, the house does not belong to Michaels family but is used to represent an image of the family. The garden which is steep and terraced is also described as being equally well tended to. The house-owner, Mrs Wan, stays in a caravan at the bottom of the garden when the house is rented out. This setting is described in stark contrast to the main home. It is untidy and unkempt. This lady lives in an apparently slovenly and unrestrictive environment which seems to present an image of open-mindedness. Perhaps this lady has better things to do with her time than be preoccupied with trivia. The author maybe uses this contrast to highlight the various attitudes of the characters to Neils condition. The main character is Neil who suffers from severe psoriasis on his chest. He is ashamed and embarrassed by this ailment which is generally typified by inflamed patches of skin called lesions covered by silvery white scales. His outbreaks are described as: a redness with an edge as irregular as a map. Due to this skin condition, he will not go swimming with the rest of Michaels family. This causes them to ask questions because the weather is so warm: Im boiling already states Michael. Neil does not confide in Michael the true reason why he will not bear his skin probably partly because he may never have done so before and because as a peer, he assumes that Michael would probably be less than understanding. However, the friends relationship changes due to Neils efforts to stay covered and we can see from Michaels reactions: I might as well have asked a girl to come on holiday and useless bloody mamas boy that Michael is frustrated. Neil doesnt explain why he isnt joining in with all the activities so Michael presumes that he is dull and boring. Neil is used to being regarded as less sporty, less macho and altogether less useful as a companion. Michael is obviously regretting bringing Neil on holiday which makes Neil feel misunderstood . Neil perhaps would like to tell Michael of his problem but is afraid of rejection just because he is different. It ,then distances the friends from each other. Neils fist bunched in the sand. is a physical representation of his own frustration. In his interactions with Michaels mother, an element of humour is introduced as Neil puts all efforts into finding a valid excuse for not going swimming. The fact is Ive got my period. This obviously echoes from his mothers range of excuses but amuses the family as he clearly fails to understand the term. Michaels mother, however, does not probe any further probably to save him any further embarrassment but maybe also because she has no interest in solving his problem. Michaels sister was obviously quite keen for him to join in the fun at the beach but she too loses interest in him when he refuses to participate in the fun. Neil is probably quite used to feeling treated in this way and also quite adept at hiding any feelings of self-pity, anger, embarrassment and loneliness. In fact, he may often prefer to be alone to save having to make excuses at all. Throughout the text, Neils own views reflect those of his absent mother and he imagines what her comments would be in many situations: If there is one thing I cannot abide its a milk bottle on the table. It seems that his mothers views about his condition have also affected his own. When he suffered an inflammation which was apparent above his collar: that week his mother had kept him off school. The reasons for her actions could be numerous perhaps she herself did not know how to deal with it; perhaps she understood the condition but felt those around him would not; perhaps she felt that they wou ld be regarded as unclean and she already had the stigma and efforts of being a single parent to cope with. Whatever her reasons, Neils ability to deal with his condition and form relationships is affected by her views. He is very reluctant to confide in anyone. He also behaves much like a stereotypical only child in many ways very polite and good at casual conversation with adults. Neils life changes, however, when he encounters Mrs Wan for a second time. He has noticed that she seems different to those around him in that she wears baggy trousers, a turban-shaped hat and mens garden gloves. She appears in real contrast to his own mother who is portrayed as neat, orderly, thrift and concerned about appearances. Mrs Wan seems taken by Neils caring nature and mannerly disposition when he returns a stray kitten to her caravan although he may just also be taking the animal back as a way of avoiding the attentions of Michaels family and the whole beach experience at the time. Similarly, Neil also strikes her as very different from the other children such as Michael who habitually throws stones in her pond and who we suspect she has little time for because she mistakenly calls him Benjamin. The pair strike up a conversation and before he knows it, he has revealed his secret to her. Everything about this woman is honest and apparent which seems to set the standard for their conversation: this old woman seemed to demand the truth. He may have found it so easy to be honest with her because she was a stranger, because she was obviously quite worldly and little concerned with looks and because she seemed so approachable. She is unflinching when she examines his psoriasis and offers words of wisdom: Watch that you dont suffer from more than the disease. He claims that he does not understand and she elaborates: Its bad enough having it without being shy about it as well. This reaction is completely new to Neil and this conversation is a turning point in his life. He seems stronger and more mature after his conversations with her. When Michael suddenly approaches, he does not hurriedly cover up as he may well have done previously although there is obvious surprise and shock in Michaels voice on seeing the affected skin. Michael responds favourably as he appears to understand the reasons for Neils behaviour. The pair are re-united in friendship which is demonstrated by their late night swim. Neil is able to take part in a regular boy experience for the first time even if it is after dark. The short story therefore ends on a promising note. This boy who was so obviously troubled by his condition has been transformed and finds that through sharing his problem, he cements his friendships. Maybe he will find a popularity based on his own personality now rather than on his mothers ability to provide passes to the cinema. Neils disease had consumed him and dictated his lifestyle. He seems to have learned that that did not have to be the case.

Technetium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Technetium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Technetium (Masurium)Â   Atomic Number: 43 Symbol: Tc Atomic Weight: 98.9072 Discovery: Carlo Perrier, Emilio Segre 1937 (Italy) found it in a sample of molybdenum that had been bombarded with neutrons; erroneously reported Noddack, Tacke, Berg 1924 as Masurium. Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d5 Word Origin: Greek technikos: an art or technetos: artificial; this was the first element made artificially. Isotopes: Twenty-one isotopes of technetium are known, with atomic masses ranging from 90-111. Technetium is one of two elements with Z 83 with no stable isotopes; all of technetiums isotopes are radioactive. (The other element is promethium.) Some isotopes are produced as uranium fission products. Properties: Technetium is a silvery-gray metal that tarnishes slowly in moist air. Common oxidation states are 7, 5, and 4. The chemistry of technetium is similar to that of rhenium. Technetium is a corrosion inhibitor for steel and is an excellent superconductor at 11K and below. Uses: Technetium-99 is used in many medical radioactive isotope tests. Mild carbon steels may be effectively protected by minute quantities of technetium, but this corrosion protection is limited to closed systems because of technetiums radioactivity. Element Classification: Transition Metal Technetium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 11.5 Melting Point (K): 2445 Boiling Point (K): 5150 Appearance: silvery-gray metal Atomic Radius (pm): 136 Covalent Radius (pm): 127 Ionic Radius: 56 (7e) Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 8.5 Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.243 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 23.8 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 585 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.9 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 702.2 Oxidation States: 7 Lattice Structure: Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 2.740 Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.604Â   Sources: CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)Crescent Chemical Company (2001)Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001)

Briefly Describe the Nature of the Recent Global Financial Crisis Essay

Briefly Describe the Nature of the Recent Global Financial Crisis (GFC) - Essay Example The governments of almost all the nations had to come up with packages that are required to move out from such a situation. The financial crisis will shed its impacts around the globe due to globalization. The livelihood of all people at every corner will feel the heat of crisis (World Bank, 2009). Financial Crisis The collapse of the U.S. housing market regarded as the housing bubble is characterized as one of the prime reason for the situation to arrive. The collapse resulted in surge of mortgage loan defaults (World Health Organization, 2009, 2). The collapse of the real estate market and the subprime mortgage market of the U.S. had the severe effects around the globe. Uncertainties accrued in the financial systems. The creditors involved themselves in pulling out their funds and cashed out securities that were issued by the financial institutions (Jalilian, n.d., 1). These lead to failure of many institutions while others struggled to survive poorly. The loan and credit possibili ties from the bank dried up (Baily, Litan, and Johnson, M., 2008, 11). There was a downturn in the share market as investors dumped their holdings. The system lost the confidence. In order to create securitization, the banks started to borrow more money. As long as the banks can pull out money by selling loans on the basis of securities, they did not feel the dependency to rely on the savers (European Commission, 2009, 8). Some of the banks even moved into mortgages. There was pressure from the government to serve the poor and the loans offered to the poor were risky as there was the fear of default (Roitman, 2009). They used to buy the mortgage in order to securitize them and then sell them. Some of the banks started to buy securities as well. This increased the exposure of the banks to risks. When the problem got realized, the process of lending got slowed. Some of the banks were on the verge of the most risky loans which was beyond the intention of the investors. The lenders fell upon to take back their loans. The investment banks fell drastically as they had no or little deposits. The problem got intensified and even the banks with large capital reserves began to feel the pressure. They turned to the government for support. The banks began to feel nervous to loan out the injected money and the shrinking banks sucked money out of the economy. Many economies are (or have been) in recession, technically defined as 2 or more quarters of negative growth or contraction of real GDP, for example the economies of the US, Japan, the Euro area, UK, and New Zealand (but not Australia). Among the other effects include rise in the level of unemployment, rising in the levels of international and domestic debt, crisis in housing and mortgage, failure of key businesses such as automobile industry of U.S., along with various banks and housing lenders. There were downturns in the share market along with declines in the wealth of the consumers. The volumes of international tr ade and investment declined. There has been some recovery with the assistance of the governments such as stimulatory spending (but often financed by further debt), financial institution guarantees and buyouts, and assistance to industries (but needed to be within the framework of WTO rules and agreements). In order to combat with the situation of fall in confidence it was necessary to inject liquidity into the financial institu